Short interview by Paul Kemp, that I responded to in 2016

https://kratomapp.us/?p=418

first time I've seen this depth of red on New Growth and it's only on one branch. 

You can now like posts directly from the feed ️

Pods were about 3 days old so still pretty fresh.

Excited to be here. There’s a lot going on now. That’s why I haven’t been on FB. Cheers!

Work in progress...

lots of perlite and rich container mix. 

happy friday!!! Hope I did this correctly!!! Hahaha!

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/0...

These two Kratom are right at a year old.

Hello! Newbie here! Thank you for this forum! 

Hello! Brand new to this industry and so excited to spread the word on thr benefits of Kratom! 

Please check out out budding Website. Any constructive criticism is welcome!

Mirdus.com

Thanks for being such a great group of people. 

Kratom saves lives

https://leafoflifekratom.com/?ref=6

Forum Types
• Glass
• Vape
• Ethno Botanticals including Kratom
• Credit Card Solutions and Banking
• Web
• Everything else
• Selling forums including auction items
• Files upload Forum for companies to upload pdf catalogs, lab results, anything that is a pdf file.


• Distribution
• Manafactures Exclusive
• Distributors Exclusive
• Shop Owners Exclusive
• One forum for owners, web developers, and one for group admins


Possibly we should try to outline all the disadvantages of facebook groups, What is negative about them, lack of privacy due to people with fake user names. Facebook police, unscrupulious competition, possible loss of entire network due to facebook anti drug and tobacco policies. Lack of streaming video, Disorganization of group posting system, having to see posts you don’t want to see etc posts being bumped up. People not being able to see content easily that is relavant to what they want to see, spam,and abuse, Lack of auction format, no way to rate members and identify who your truly talking to. Moles, etc. Lack of transparency. So many more features available in real website. Discounts, distributor cooperation, Prizes, contests, legal referrals, banking referrals, etc. Exposure for your distribution company. Ways to reach out to thousands of stores without cold calls. Basically an online marketplace trade show 24/7 365 days a year where you don’t have to spend 10k to attend a trade show No pressure. Matched trade show specials even when you can’t travel Instant industry updates and feedbacks from other shop owners on every new or current products.

Retain the way for members to be able to block members that they don’t want to see or subscribe to members that they do want to follow. List the # of subscribers a forum user has.

Possibly don’t let people participate in auctions until they are paid members. We might want to retain that one feature to encourage them to pay membership quicker. We make the membership very easy to create. Just the click of a paypal button and then they have the ability to use full features. We may even only want to show previews of some other features like streaming videos as well until paid membership.

Shop owners will have their own exclusive forum to privately chat along with distributors, and manufactures.

Every member will design a profile to be approved prior to joining. They will be asked to provide their EIN, store name, email, phone, and name. Certain info will be shown with the member profile that anybody can view and some hidden. Other members will be able to rate and review other members. 1-5 stars and descriptive review that anybody can see. Reviews will pend approval from web admins though to keep people from smearing people for no reason.

New sign ups will get 30-90 days free until prompted to pay the monthly fee or a discounted fee for a year. Login will integrate with facebook logins.

Live video, Live chat, Group Messaging, Streaming Webinars and distribution company video tours.

A list of all distribution companies with a way members can rate them and leave reviews about them.

Live Auctions for products and glass held weekly.

Banners for sale or given with sponsorship for allotted time.

Partnerships with magazines and headshopfinder.com etc to get articles written and include links on websites.
Affilliates program etc.
Discounts from distributors to all members of groups.
Distributors printing group information on their catalogs.
Articles written for the headshop magazines about the website.
Possible retail side of the website for retail users. Possibly retail users could locate stores or buy products through affiliate programs.

Possible “TIP of the Day” to be uploaded to the site daily. Stores that get the TIP of the Day could receive credit and recognition as well as prizes. We could also do shop of the week etc.

Enlist well known stores to do specific admin duties to forums to encourage enrollment and support.
Possibly list the company as a non profit LLC “donations” for consulting purposes

≠ Have different permissions levels to include glass artists at lower levels with access to the glass forum.

Have an online market place with all products listed such as on Instagram. Stores can scroll through Instagram style listings that would be populated by the distributors with that format.

Have referral programs with insurance companies, lawyers, etc as well as credit card companies etc to represent stores.

Somehow figure out how to be able to bring as many people into the network as possible with different permissions levels to accommodate everybody. Everybody will have to be pre screened. Everybody will have to provide their info. Their info will be partially viewable to anybody that interacts with them to prove they are industry.

Pricing structure to reflect different members.
I am thinking $10 a month is good for store owners, $5 a month to glass artists, $100 a month to distributors with a certain amount of reps that can come in for free, etc. The pricing must be discussed with a discount for members that buy full year memberships or early renewals. Possibly a 3 day timer displayed at top of site that will allow countdown reminding them to renew. Auto renewal program possibly.
Affiliate code for member drives. Possibly give a free month membership for article of the week. Letting stores contribute content by writing articles that members Star up and rate.

Figuring out how to data mine private head shop owners group for data possibly and the ability to sell offline pdf versions of it.

Possible certain Honory free memberships for some members that have really helped out with the group in even admin ways in the past several years, ie Justin David Wilson, Adam Rivera.
Any distributors that contributed to the orig fund will get free time based on their contribution from the total. There were a very very few that contributed $250 Possibly 4-5 of them I believe but will double check. Master Minded distro donated $100 and has done a lot to help out adding members etc. They deserve something for their efforts for sure.

Some of the organizational rule structure from Headshop club could be scrapped and reused its worded so well.

Headshop owners group can be utilized as just a leader site to add people to the real forum. We can discuss privacy concerns with being able to verify people in the past, the improvements of more technology, new deals and auctions, and the easy integration with current fb login,

The other groups can be left as open forums that act as leader groups, graphics can be used to spam the other groups with membership information. Free 30-90 day membership after being verified.

We would need to actually spell out the verification process so people will understand whats expected and asked for. It protects their privacy as much as anything else which they will value. There will be zero un verified members in it and anybody added will be able to be viewed by other members. The fb police wouldn’t be patrolling and reading every post because on private offshore secure servers. No threat to lose resources due to facebook cracking down on posts and pipe topics. Etc.

Thinking another group should be made to organize structure of those working to build the site where everybody can communicate freely during the process of building it. Possibly even 3 groups. One group for partners and another group for the web developers and the partners. Then another forum on the website that will be for website admins etc.

Question from a customer about kratom vein colors

Hello,

I see that the four vein colours of your cuttings and plants are priced slightly differently. What is the reason for this? I saw on your blog a video showing the normal variations in vein colour on one plant, and I have read elsewhere that vein colour is mostly unimportant. Do these vein colours refer to specific varieties? I have heard common varieties historically on the market are Rifat, Bumblebee, Red Vein Thai and Pink Indo/Elephant/something

Besides this, I am curious: does your co-op grow M. hirsuta (or other species) as well as M. speciosa?

Thank you very much for your time. It seems you are all doing very good work down there and i can’t wait to see how your farms do in the future.. I absolutely love all of the close up and clear videos and pictures you post showing the trees blowing around.

My Response:

The color of a kratom vein are determined by the content of mytrogynan (alkaloids) in the vein. The purpose of producing mytrogynan is to protect the tree from insects and animals from eating the leaf. Its also a stress mechanism. The mytrogynan is why the leaf is so bitter and correlates to strength. Strength also correlates to how mature the leaf is. The more mature the leaf the stronger it will be. When mature leaves mature the alkaloids are sucked back into the tree thru the veins. These leaves will look more yellow. https://kratomwatchdog.com/top...

The more alkaloids in the vein. The more red the vein will be. Purple at the high end of alkaloids. White at the low end of alkaloids. It is possible to see all vein colors grow at the same time on the same tree. (pink,red, purple) more near the bottom as that is where they have roots as that’s where most of the nutrients are. Up the tree will be more (greens and whites). They start getting more color variation the larger they get. https://kratomwatchdog.com/top...

In winter you see mostly white and green with some red.

Spring, mostly green, white, some red, with pink starting to show up.

In summer, Seed pod are poping up, you see green, white, pink, red, purple.

This continues to happens thru Fall.

Should note seed pods are best to pick off the tree in Jan - April. Kratom Vein colors usually have its darkest vein color at the exterior of the plant. Getting lighter as you go inward. But is harder to see in summer - fall as all colors are on the tree.

The difference in price is due to the availability of whats on the trees at the time.

The term pink vein and red vein is also related to a strain of kratom. I have pink vein, green vein rifat, bumble, and red rifat trees. But there are no noticable difference between strains from what I have seen.

Here are some pictures below to show vein colors of leaves.

I do have M. hirsuta. Here is my tree. 

Thanks

️ NEW ARRIVALS!!!! GREEN MALAY AND THE LONG AWAITED GREEN ENLIGHTENED DON’T FORGET THAT IF YOU ARE NEW CUSTOMER USE CODE FIRST15 FOR 15% OFF PLUS ALWAYS FREE SHIPPING!! https://leafoflifekratom.com/?...

Kratom FAQ

This Kratom FAQ has been compiled to help people gain a better understanding of Kratom and how it can work in the body and also help debunk false myths about Kratom.  Some of the Questions and subsequent answers are quite technical, so we have attempted to define some of the more important keywords for you.  If you get confused, feel free to shoot us an email with further questions.

KRATOM TREES (MITRAGYNA SPECIOSA) TREES USUALLY GROW TO A HEIGHT OF 12–30 FT (3.7–9.1 M) TALL AND 15 FT (4.6 M) WIDE, ALTHOUGH SOME SPECIES CAN REACH 40–100 FT (12–30 M) IN HEIGHT.

Q: What is Kratom?
A:  Kratom is a tree native to Southeast Asia in the Indochina and Malaysia floristic regions. Its botanical name is Mitragyna Speciosa [mih-tr-ah-jin-yah | spee-see-OH-sah]. Kratom is in the same family as the coffee tree Rubiaceae. The leaves of Kratom have been used as an herbal drug for centuries by peoples of Southeast Asia.

Q:  What are the effects of Kratom?
A:  At lower doses, it is used in folk medicine as a stimulant, reducing stress, anxiety and depression*, and at higher doses acts as a sedative for painkiller, recreational and medicinal use. Finally, Kratom is reported as being used for withdrawal treatment for opiate addiction and recovery*.  For more details about this topic, please visit our kratom effects.

Q:  What’s in Kratom?
A:  Chemistry Make up of Kratom:
There are 40 compounds in M. speciosa leaves,[6] including many alkaloids such as mitragynine (once thought to be the primary active constituent), mitraphylline, and 7-hydroxymitragynine (which is currently the most likely candidate for the primary active chemical in the plant).[10][11] Other active chemicals in M. speciosa include raubasine (best known from Rauwolfia serpentina) and some Yohimbe alkaloids such as corynantheidine.[12]
Mitragyna speciosa also contains at least one alkaloid (rhynchophylline) that is a calcium channel blocker and reduces NMDA-induced current.[13][14] There is considerable research as to the role of NMDA receptor activity in the formation of dependence, and the symptoms of withdrawal.

Q:  What are Alkaloids?
A:  Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds, that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms.

Q:  I hear the use of the term ANALGESIC.  What does that term mean and how is it relevant to Kratom?
A: An analgesic, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia — relief from pain. The word analgesic derives from Greek αν – (“without”) and άλγος – (“pain”).[3]
There are many types of analgesic drugs from anesthesia to opiates such as oxycontin, oxycodone, Percocet, and Vicodin.  It is relevant to Kratom since Kratom is considered analgesic in nature.

Q:  What’s the best way to use Kratom?
A:  This is mostly about personal preference.  Using kratom capsules provides convenience and a tasteless/odorless experience.  Using kratom powder, while more involved, generally produces quicker effects.  So, it’s really up to you.

Q:  Is Kratom safe?
A:  When used in moderation, kratom is safe.

Q:  Can you overdose on Kratom?
A:  No reports from overdose on kratom alone are documented.  Unlike other drugs such as Oxycontin or Vicodin which are synthetic, Kratom is unique due to the fact that if you take a dose stronger than your body needs it will expel it naturally.  Taking Kratom by itself has not been found to result in overdose.

Q:  Can I get sick from using too much Kratom?
A:  Every pro can have a con.  Here it is:  Yes, it is possible to get minor hot flashes and a tummy ache.  This effect will generally last 30-60 minutes.  Please keep in mind, this effect only occurs if you have used more than the body needs.  If this occurs, drink a cool glass of water and lay down in a dimly lit room.

Q:  I have heard about Hypoventilation and it being associated with overdoses.  What is Hypoventilation and can this happen with using Kratom?
A:  No, Hypoventilation has not been reported to occur when you use Kratom independently, without any other substance.  Read more below about hypoventilation.
Hypoventilation: In medicine, hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo meaning “below”) to perform the needed gas exchange.[1] By definition, it causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and respiratory acidosis.

Causes: It can be caused by medical conditions, such as stroke affecting the brainstem, by holding one’s breath, or by drugs, typically when taken in overdose. Hypoventilation may also occur in chronic mountain sickness to conserve energy. [2]

Effects: As a side effect of prescription medicines or illicit recreational drugs, hypoventilation may become potentially life-threatening. Many different CNS depressant drugs such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, GHB, sedatives, and opiates produce respiratory depression when taken in large or excessive doses; however, this is most commonly seen as a cause of death with opiates or opioids, particularly when they are combined with sedatives such as alcohol or benzodiazepines. This has NOT however been reported as a possible side effect of using Kratom.

Q:  How is Kratom said to work in the brain?
A:  As of late 2011, no controlled, clinical studies have been performed on humans. Therefore, its metabolic half-life, protein binding, and elimination characteristics are all unknown within the scientific world.[5] We do know that Kratom behaves as a μ-opioid receptor agonist, similar to opiates like morphine, although its effects differ significantly from those of opiates.[5]Kratom does not appear to have significant adverse effects, and in particular appears NOT to cause the hypoventilation typical of other opioids.[5]

Q:  What is a μ- Opioid Receptor (MOR) and why is it important to talk about? 
(see reference Section 2 for notations)
A:  μ-(pronounced MU) opioid receptors are the receptors in your brain associated with pain.  Kratom is said to be an agonist of these receptors; theory suggests it activates the receptors and aids the body to block the reception of pain signals, similar in nature to an opiate but without the negatives.  We feel individuals should be knowledgeable about the theories on how kratom interacts with the brain and body in order to be fully cognizant of what is going on when using kratom and to combat the myths about Kratom use.  So, read below!

Active and inactive μ-opioid receptors.[1] The μ-opioid receptors (MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin but low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ opioid peptide or (MOP) receptors. The prototypical μ receptor agonist is the opium alkaloid morphine; μ (mu) refers to morphine.

SUBQUESTION:  Wait a minute, this is complicated….What’s an Agonist?
A:  An agonist is a chemical that binds to some receptor of a cell within the body and triggers a response by that cell. Agonists often mimic the action of a naturally occurring substance. So, an agonist causes an action, and an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist and an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist.

TYPES of μ Receptors :
Three variants of the μ opioid receptor are well-characterized, though reverse-transcriptase PCR has identified up to 10 total splice variants in humans (we have complicated brains eh?).[2][3]

• μ1   –More is known about the μ1 opioid receptor than is known about the other types.
• μ2   –TRIMU 5 is a selective agonist of the μ2 receptor.[4]
• μ3   –In 2003, a μ3 variant was described,[5] which was responsive to opiate alkaloids but not opioid peptides.[6]

Q:  Where are these receptors located?
A:  In layman’s terms, they are within the brain and in the spinal cord.

Here’s the technical science behind them:
They can exist either presynaptically or postsynaptically depending upon cell types.
The μ-receptors exist mostly presynaptically in the periaqueductal gray region, and in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord (specifically the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando). Other areas where μ-receptors have been located include the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, the nucleus accumbens, in several layers of the cerebral cortex and in some of the nuclei of the amygdala, as well as the nucleus of the solitary tract.

μ receptors are also found in the intestinal tract. This causes constipation, a major side effect of μ agonists, due to inhibition of peristaltic action.

Q:  Ok, I think I understand a bit more about all of this.  Now, what about Activating all of this?
A:  MOR can mediate acute changes in neuronal excitability via “disinhibition” of presynaptic release of GABA (see works from “Charles Chavkin, PhD.;”. and “Roger Nicoll, M.D.;”. ). Activation of the MOR leads to different effects on dendritic spines depending upon the agonist and may be an example of functional selectivity at the μ receptor.[7]

Activation of the μ receptor by an agonist causes analgesia, sedation, slightly reduced blood pressure, itching(with certain agonists like morphine), euphoria, decreased respiration (again, no fear of HYPOVENTILATION using Kratom!), miosis (constricted pupils) and decreased bowel motility. Some of these effects, such as analgesia, sedation, euphoria and decreased respiration, tend to lessen with continued use as tolerance develops.

We hope the Kratom FAQ section has helped you learn more about this special herb.

References

1. Zhorov BS, Ananthanarayanan VS (March 2000). “Homology models of mu-opioid receptor with organic and inorganic cations at conserved aspartates in the second and third transmembrane domains”. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 375 (1): 31–49. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1529. PMID 10683246.
2. Dortch-Carnes J, Russell K (2007). “Morphine-stimulated nitric oxide release in rabbit aqueous humor”. Exp. Eye Res. 84 (1): 185–90. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.09.014. PMC 1766947. PMID 17094965.
3. Pan L, Xu J, Yu R, Xu MM, Pan YX, Pasternak GW (2005). “Identification and characterization of six new alternatively spliced variants of the human mu opioid receptor gene, Oprm”. Neuroscience. 133 (1): 209–20. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.12.033. PMID 15893644.
4. Eisenberg RM (1994). “TRIMU-5, a μ2-opioid receptor agonist, stimulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis”. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 47 (4): 943–6. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)90300-X. PMID 8029266.
5. Cadet P, Mantione KJ, Stefano GB (2003). “Molecular identification and functional expression of μ3, a novel alternatively spliced variant of the human μ opiate receptor gene”. J. Immunol. 170 (10): 5118–23. PMID 12734358.
6. Stefano GB (2004). “Endogenous morphine: a role in wellness medicine”. Med. Sci. Monit. 10 (6): ED5. PMID 15173675.
7. Liao D, Lin H, Law PY, Loh HH (February 2005). “Mu-opioid receptors modulate the stability of dendritic spines”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (5): 1725–30. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.1725L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0406797102. JSTOR 3374498. PMC 545084. PMID 15659552.
8. Liu X-Y, Liu Z-C, Sun Y-G, Ross M, K S, Tsai F-F, Li Q-F, Jeffry J, Kim J-Y, Loh HH, Chen Z-F. “Unidirectional Cross-Activation of GRPR by MOR1D Uncouples Itch and Analgesia Induced by Opioids”. Cell 147 (2): 447–458. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.043. PMC 3197217. PMID 22000021. Lay summary – Washington University in St. Louis Press Release.
9. Martini L, Whistler JL (October 2007). “The role of mu opioid receptor desensitization and endocytosis in morphine tolerance and dependence”. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 17 (5): 556–64. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2007.10.004. PMID 18068348.
10. Zuo Z (September 2005). “The role of opioid receptor internalization and beta-arrestins in the development of opioid tolerance”. Anesthesia and Analgesia 101 (3): 728–34, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000160588.32007.AD. PMID 16115983.
11. Marie N, Aguila B, Allouche S (November 2006). “Tracking the opioid receptors on the way of desensitization”. Cellular Signalling 18 (11): 1815–33. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.03.015. PMID 16750901.
12. DuPen A, Shen D, Ersek M (September 2007). “Mechanisms of opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia”. Pain Management Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses 8 (3): 113–21. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2007.02.004. PMID 17723928.
13. Garzón J, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Sánchez-Blázquez P (May 2005). “Morphine alters the selective association between mu-opioid receptors and specific RGS proteins in mouse periaqueductal gray matter”. Neuropharmacology 48 (6): 853–68. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.01.004. PMID 15829256.
14. Hooks SB, Martemyanov K, Zachariou V (January 2008). “A role of RGS proteins in drug addiction”. Biochemical Pharmacology 75 (1): 76–84. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.045. PMID 17880927.
15. Sirohi S, Dighe SV, Walker EA, Yoburn BC (November 2008). “The analgesic efficacy of fentanyl: relationship to tolerance and mu-opioid receptor regulation”. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 91 (1): 115–20. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.06.019. PMC 2597555. PMID 18640146.
16. Lopez-Gimenez JF, Vilaró MT, Milligan G (November 2008). “Morphine desensitization, internalization, and down-regulation of the mu opioid receptor is facilitated by serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor coactivation”. Molecular Pharmacology 74 (5): 1278–91. doi:10.1124/mol.108.048272. PMID 18703670.
17. Kraus J (2009). “Regulation of mu-opioid receptors by cytokines”. Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition) 1: 164–70. PMID 19482692.
18. García-Fuster MJ, Ramos-Miguel A, Rivero G, La Harpe R, Meana JJ, García-Sevilla JA (November 2008). “Regulation of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in the prefrontal cortex of short- and long-term human opiate abusers”. Neuroscience 157 (1): 105–19. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.002. PMID 18834930.
19. Ueda H, Ueda M (2009). “Mechanisms underlying morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence”. Frontiers in Bioscience 14: 5260–72. doi:10.2741/3596. PMID 19482614.

REFERENCE SECTION 2:
**1.   **“hypoventilation” at Dorland’s Medical Dictionary

**2. **Zubieta-Calleja, GR; Paulev, PE; Zubieta-Calleja, L; Zubieta-Calleja, N; Zubieta-Castillo, G (September 2006). “Hypoventilation in chronic mountain sickness: a mechanism to preserve energy.”. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology: An Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society. 57 Suppl 4: 425–30. PMID 17072073. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

**3.    **Harper,D. (2001). “Online Etymology Dictionary: Analgesia”. Retrieved December 3, 2012.

5.   Ward J, Rosenbaum C, Hernon C, McCurdy CR, Boyer EW (December 2011). “Herbal medicines for the management of opioid addiction: safe and effective alternatives to conventional pharmacotherapy?”. CNS Drugs25 (12): 999–1007. doi:10.2165/11596830-000000000-00000. PMID 22133323. **6. **  Adkins, Jessica E.; Edward W. Boyer, Christopher R. McCurdy (2011-05-01). “Mitragyna speciosa, a psychoactive tree from Southeast Asia with opioid activity.”. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry **10.  ****^**Chittrakarn, S; Keawpradub, N; Sawangjaroen, K; Kansenalak, S; Janchawee, B (2010). “The neuromuscular blockade produced by pure alkaloid, mitragynine and methanol extract of kratom leaves (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.)”. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 129 (3): 344–349. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.035. PMID 20371282.

**11. **Prozialeck, WC; Jivan, JK; Andurkar, SV (2012). “Pharmacology of kratom: an emerging botanical agent with stimulant, analgesic, and opioid-like effects”. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 112 (12): 792–799. PMID 23212430.

**12. **Takayama H, Ishikawa H, Kurihara M, Kitajima M, Aimi N, Ponglux D et al. (2002). “Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands”. J Med Chem 45 (9): 1949–1956. doi:10.1021/jm010576e. PMID 11960505.

**13. **Microgram Bulletin – Department of Justice

**14. **Hendrickson, JB, Sims JJ. Mitragyna alkaloids – The structure of stipulatine. Tetrahedron Letters 1963;14:959-963

Anyone have any ideas on why this is happening?